However, the process of incorporating the 3Rs principles into wildlife research has been unfortunately rather slow and their importance overlooked. Implementation of non-invasive methods could be guided by the so-called 3Rs principles for animal research (replace, reduce, refine), which were proposed by Russell and Burch 60 years ago and have become a part of many animal protection legislations worldwide. Wildlife research may then result in a fundamental conflict between individual animal welfare and the welfare of the population or ecosystem, which could be significantly reduced if non-invasive research practices were more broadly implemented. Marking and sampling practices include taking blood and tissue samples, toe-clipping of amphibians and rodents, or using implants and radio-transmitters – techniques that can negatively affect the animal. However, obtaining information on population status often involves invasive sampling of a certain number of individual animals. Research in ecology and wildlife biology remains crucial for increasing our knowledge and improving species management and conservation in the midst of the current biodiversity crisis. Further evaluation of animals with renal disease is needed to determine whether measuring serum clearance of a single IV dose of inulin is a reliable diagnostic test for early detection of renal disease in cheetahs. Serum SDMA concentration was not significantly correlated with GFR (r = 0.385), BUN concentration (r = –0.281), or serum creatinine concentrationĪ reference interval for GFR in clinically normal cheetahs was obtained. There were significant negative correlations between GFR and serum creatinine concentration (r = –0.499), BUN concentration (r = –0.592), and age (r = –0.463). Mean ± SD measured GFR was 1.58 ± 0.39 mL/min/kg, and the calculated reference interval was 0.84 to 2.37 mL/min/kg. Blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine concentrations were measured in samples obtained immediately prior to inulin administration,and serum SDMA concentration was measured in stored samples. The GFR was estimated with a modified slope-intercept method for the slow component of the serum concentration-versus-time curve. #MISSHAPEN KIDNEYS SERIAL#To establish a reference interval for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) determined by measuring serum clearance of a single IV dose of inulin in clinically normal cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) and compare serum symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) concentration in cheetahs with GFR.Ī single bolus of inulin (3,000 mg/m2) was administered IV, and 5 serial blood samples were collected and analyzed for serum inulin concentration with the anthrone technique. The abdominal blood supply described herein corresponds to a single individual further reviews are desirable to corroborate our observations and to detect potential intraspecific anatomical variations. Finally, the left caudal phrenic vein drained into the left renal vein. Also, a middle pancreaticoduodenal vein was identified as the last branch of the cranial mesenteric vein. The right gastric vein did not form the gastroduodenal vein as in other species, but it drained directly into the portal vein. We also found a cystic artery that derived from the right gastroduodenal artery a right gastric artery that derived from the right hepatic artery and an antimesenteric ileal artery that derived from the lateral cecal artery. Our findings include the following: a celiac artery branching into the hepatic and gastrolienal arteries, and this latter further branched into the left gastric, the left gastroepiploic, the lienal and three more arteries that supplied the greater omentum. Detailed descriptions of the abdominal vasculature have not been reported on Puma concolor thus, herein we provided a thorough description.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |